Chronic Kidney Disease

Disease State Hub

Interactive Features

Pop Quiz

Nutritional Status as a Predictor of CKD Adverse Events

09/16/2023

Utilizing appropriate markers of nutritional status in individuals with chronic kidney disease is essential to providing appropriate care. Do you know which biomarker measurement can be used to predict...

09/16/2023

Pop Quiz

Pop Quiz

Calcium Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease

08/18/2023

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are encouraged to maintain a diet that helps manage the disease. Do you know the recommended amount of calcium a person with CKD should ingest every day?

08/18/2023

Poll

Transparent blue Xray of a person. The person's kidneys stand out in the image. They are highlighted as red.

Poll

Controversies in CKD Management

01/07/2023

Controversies exist in the management of chronic kidney disease and comorbidities. Do you think the currently available clinical practice guidelines sufficiently address these controversies?

01/07/2023

Pop Quiz

Defining CKD

04/25/2021

Do you know how long abnormal kidney structure or function should be present before a patient is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease? Test your knowledge with our latest pop quiz!

04/25/2021

Poll

ESRD, Amputations, and Death

09/17/2018

Nearly half of patients with ESRD who undergo a lower extremity amputation die within how many years of amputation?

09/17/2018

Chronic Kidney Disease Snapshot

Reviewed by James Matera, DO

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CKD is the progressive loss of kidney function, which filters waste products from the blood and maintains fluid balance by producing urine. Advanced CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluid, electolytes, and nitrogenous waste to build up in the body.

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CKD may lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and early death. CKD can also be called chronic kidney failure or chronic renal insufficiency. CKD is classified into 5 levels, based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

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Nephrologist, Nutritionist, Primary Care Physician, Transplant Surgeon

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nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, sleep problems, urinating more or less, decreased mental sharpness, muscle cramps, swelling of feet and ankles, dry, itchy skin, hypertension, shortness of breath, chest pain

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Serum Creatinine Blood Test: Creatinine is a waste product from the normal use of muscles in the body. The serum creatinine level increases if the kidneys are not functioning properly. Creatinine level > 1.2 for women and > 1.4 for men is considered elevated.

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eGFR measures kidney function. Creatinine level, age, and sex are used to calculate eGFR. As kidney disease progresses, eGFR decreases. eGFR <60 ml/min is generally below normal limits and <15 ml/min is generally considered advanced kidney failure.

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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, which is a waste product that the body creates from breaking down protein in food. Healthy kidneys filter urea nitrogen out of the blood, and it exits the body through urine.

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BUN (continued): Normal levels of urea nitrogen depend on age and other factors and generally range from 7 to 20. As kidney disease progresses, the BUN level increases.

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CKD is slightly more common in women compared with men and more common in Black adults compared with White or Asian adults.

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38% of people aged 65 years or older have CKD, 12% of people aged 45 to 64 years have CKD, and 6% of people aged 18 to 44 years have CKD.

Research Summaries

research summary

Urine, Plasma Oxalate in Children With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

02/28/2024

Leigh Precopio

Individuals with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 are at an increased risk of urinary stone disease, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease due to increased hepatic oxalate production. Researchers...

02/28/2024

FDA ALERT

FDA Approves Nedosiran for Patients 9 Years of Age and Older With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

01/29/2024

Anthony Calabro, MA

The once-monthly RNA interference injection medication received FDA approval based on results from the phase II PHYOX2 clinical trial and phase III PHYOX3 extension study.

01/29/2024

roundtable wrap-up

roundtable wrap-up

Collaboration as a Tool in Managing Nutrition for Patients With CKD

07/05/2023

Did you watch our Multidisciplinary Roundtable on managing nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease? Here are some highlights that you may have missed.

07/05/2023

Research Summary

Parathyroidectomy Has No Effect on Preserving Kidney Function in Older Adults With Hyperparathyroidism

06/14/2023

Jessica Ganga

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of parathyroidectomy to manage kidney function in adults with hyperparathyroidism.

06/14/2023

Research Summary

Most Adults With Diabetes Can Use GLP-1 RAs, SGLT-2 Inhibitors But Don't

04/17/2023

Researchers set out to determine the percentage of people in the United States with type 2 diabetes who meet the recommended criteria to use GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors as well as patients...

04/17/2023

April 2024

Current Issue

April 2024

Volume 64

Issue 4

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